0.1 General 总则
The adoption of a quality management system is a strategic decision for an organization that can help
to improve its overall performance and provide a sound basis for sustainable development initiatives.
The potential benefits to an organization of implementing a quality management system based on this
International Standard are:
a) the ability to consistently provide products and services that meet customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements;
b) facilitating opportunities to enhance customer satisfaction;
c) addressing risks and opportunities associated with its context and objectives;
d) the ability to demonstrate conformity to specified quality management system requirements.
This International Standard can be used by internal and external parties.
It is not the intent of this International Standard to imply the need for:
— uniformity in the structure of different quality management systems;
— alignment of documentation to the clause structure of this International Standard;
— the use of the specific terminology of this International Standard within the organization.
The quality management system requirements specified in this International Standard are complementary to requirements for products and services.
This International Standard employs the process approach, which incorporates the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle and risk-based thinking.
The process approach enables an organization to plan its processes and their interactions.
The PDCA cycle enables an organization to ensure that its processes are adequately resourced and managed, and that opportunities for improvement are determined and acted on.
Risk-based thinking enables an organization to determine the factors that could cause its processes and its quality management system to deviate from the planned results, to put in place preventive controls to minimize negative effects and to make maximum use of opportunities as they arise (see Clause A.4).
Consistently meeting requirements and addressing future needs and expectations poses a challenge for organizations in an increasingly dynamic and complex environment. To achieve this objective, the organization might find it necessary to adopt various forms of improvement in addition to correction and continual improvement, such as breakthrough change, innovation and re-organization.
In this International Standard, the following verbal forms are used:
— “shall” indicates a requirement;
— “should” indicates a recommendation;
— “may” indicates a permission;
— “can” indicates a possibility or a capability.
Information marked as “NOTE” is for guidance in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement.采用质量管理体系应该是组织的一项战略性决策，可以帮助组织改进其整体绩效，并为可持续发展计划提供良好的基础。
对于根据本标准实施质量管理体系的组织来说，潜在的收益是：
a) 稳定提供满足顾客要求和法律法规要求的产品和服务的能力；
b) 获取增强顾客满意的机会；
c) 应对与组织环境和目标相关的风险；
d) 证实符合质量管理体系特定要求的能力。
本标准可用于内部和外部。
以下方面不是本标准的目的：
- 统一不同质量管理体系的结构；
- 统一本标准条款结构的文件；
- 在组织中使用本标准的特定术语。
本标准所规定的质量管理体系要求是对产品要求的补充。
本标准采用过程方法，该方法结合了策划-实施-检查-改进（PDCA）循环和基于风险的思维。
过程方法使组织能够策划组织的过程及其相互作用。
PDCA循环使组织能够确保其过程得到充分的资源和管理，并确定和实施改进机会。
基于风险的思维能够使组织确定可能导致其过程和质量管理体系偏离所策划的结果的因素，采取预防性控制，以较小化负面影响并在机会出现时将机会利用较大化（见A.4条款）。
在日益变化和复杂的环境中，持续满足要求和应对未来的需求和期望是组织面临的挑战。要实现这个目标，组织可能发现除了纠正和持续改进以外，变革、创新和重组也是必要的。
本标准中采用了以下动词形式：
“shall”表示要求；
“should”表示建议；
“may”表示允许；
“can”表示可能性或能力
标注为“注”的信息是理解或说明相关要求的指南。
0.2 Quality management principles质量管理原则
This International Standard is based on the quality management principles described in ISO 9000. The descriptions include a statement of each principle, a rationale of why the principle is important for the organization, some examples of benefits associated with the principle and examples of typical actions to improve the organization’s performance when applying the principle.
The quality management principles are:
— customer focus;
— leadership;
— engagement of people;
— process approach;
— improvement;
— evidence-based decision making;
— relationship management.
本标准基于ISO 9000中阐述的质量管理原则，该阐述包括每项原则的说明、对组织的重要性、与该原则相关的益处的示例，以及应用该原则时改进组织绩效所采取的典型措施的示例。
质量管理原则是：
- 以顾客为关注焦点；
- **力；
a) what will be done;
b) what resources will be required;
c) who will be responsible;
d) when it will be completed;
e) how the results will be evaluated.
6.2.2 策划如何实现其质量目标时，组织应确定：
a) 要做什么；
b) 需要什么资源；
c) 由谁负责；
d) 什么时候完成；
e) 如何评价结果。
6.3 Planning of changes 变更的策划
When the organization determines the need for changes to the quality management system, the changes shall be carried out in a planned manner (see 4.4).
The organization shall consider:
a) the purpose of the changes and their potential consequences;
b) the integrity of the quality management system;
c) the availability of resources;
d) the allocation or reallocation of responsibilities and authorities.
当组织确定了质量管理体系变更的需求时（见4.4），应按策划的方式进行变更。
组织应考虑：
a) 变更的目的及其潜在后果；
b) 质量管理体系的完整性；
c) 资源的获得；
d) 职责和权限的分配与再分配。
7 Support 支持
7.1 Resources资源
7.1.1 General 总则
The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the quality management system.
The organization shall consider:
a) the capabilities of, and constraints on, existing internal resources;
b) what needs to be obtained from external providers.
组织应确定和提供建立、实施、保持和持续改进质量管理体系所需的资源。
组织应考虑：
a) 现有内部资源的能力和局限；
b) 需要从外部供方获取的资源。
7.1.2 People 人
The organization shall determine and provide the persons necessary for the effective implementation of its quality management system and for the operation and control of its processes.
组织应确定和提供质量管理体系有效实施及过程的运行和控制所需的人员。
7.1.3 Infrastructure基础设施
The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the infrastructure necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services.
NOTE Infrastructure can include:
a) buildings and associated utilities;
b) equipment, including hardware and software;
c) transportation resources;
d) information and communication technology.
组织应确定、提供并维护为达到产品和服务符合要求的过程的运行所需的基础设施。
注：基础设施可包括：
a) 建筑物和相关的设施；
b) 设备，包括硬件和软件；
c) 运输资源；
d) 信息和通讯技术。
7.1.4 Environment for the operation of processes 过程运行环境
The organization shall determine, provide and maintain the environment necessary for the operation of its processes and to achieve conformity of products and services.
NOTE A suitable environment can be a combination of human and physical factors, such as:
a) social (e.g. non-discriminatory, calm, non-confrontational);
b) psychological (e.g. stress-reducing, burnout prevention, emotionally protective);
c) physical (e.g. temperature, heat, humidity, light, airflow, hygiene, noise).
These factors can differ substantially depending on the products and services provided.
组织应确定、提供并维护过程的运行和达到产品和服务的符合性所需的环境。
注：适宜的环境可以是人文的因素和物理的因素的组合，例如：
a) 社会的（如不歧视、平和、不对抗）；
b) 心理的（如降低压力、倦怠预防、情感保护）
c) 物理的（温度、热度、湿度、照明、空气流通、卫生、噪音）
根据所提供的产品和服务，这些因素可能有显著的差异。
7.1.5 Monitoring and measuring resources 监视和测量资源
7.1.5.1 General
The organization shall determine and provide the resources needed to ensure valid and reliable results when monitoring or measuring is used to verify the conformity of products and services to requirements.
The organization shall ensure that the resources provided:
a) are suitable for the specific type of monitoring and measurement activities being undertaken;
b) are maintained to ensure their continuing fitness for their purpose.
The organization shall retain appropriate documented information as evidence of fitness for purpose of the monitoring and measurement resources.
7.1.5.1 总则
当监视或测量用于产品和服务符合特定要求的证据时，组织应确定和提供所需的资源以确保有效和可靠的结果。
组织应确保所提供的资源：
a) 与所进行的监视和测量活动的具体类型相适应；
b) 得到保持以确保其持续满足使用要求。
组织应保留适当的形成文件的信息，作为监视和测量资源满足使用要求的证据。
7.1.5.2 Measurement traceability
When measurement traceability is a requirement, or is considered by the organization to be an essential part of providing confidence in the validity of measurement results, measuring equipment shall be:
a) calibrated or verified, or both, at specified intervals, or prior to use, against measurement standards traceable to international or national measurement standards; when no such standards exist, the basis used for calibration or verification shall be retained as documented information;
b) identified in order to determine their status;
c) safeguarded from adjustments, damage or deterioration that would invalidate the calibration status
and subsequent measurement results.
The organization shall determine if the validity of previous measurement results has been adversely affected when measuring equipment is found to be unfit for its intended purpose, and shall take appropriate action as necessary.
7.1.5.2 测量的追溯性
— the size of organization and its type of activities, processes, products and services;
— the complexity of processes and their interactions;
— the competence of persons.
组织的质量管理体系应包括：
a) 本标准要求的形成文件的信息；
b) 组织确定的为确保质量管理体系有效运行所需的形成文件的信息。
注：不同组织的质量管理体系形成文件的信息的程度可以因以下方面而不同：
--组织的规模、活动、过程、产品和服务的类型；
--过程及其相互作用的复杂程度；
-- 人员的能力。
7.5.2 Creating and updating 编制和更新
When creating and updating documented information, the organization shall ensure appropriate:
a) identification and description (e.g. a title, date, author, or reference number);
b) format (e.g. language, software version, graphics) and media (e.g. paper, electronic);
c) review and approval for suitability and adequacy.
在编制和更新形成文件的信息时，组织应确保适当的：
a) 标识和说明（例如：标题、日期、作者、文件编号等）；
b) 格式（例如：语言、软件版本、图示）和媒介（例如：纸质、电子）；
c) 评审和批准以确保适宜性和充分性。
7.5.3 Control of documented Information 形成文件的信息的控制
7.5.3.1 Documented information required by the quality management system and by this International Standard shall be controlled to ensure:
a) it is available and suitable for use, where and when it is needed;
b) it is adequately protected (e.g. from loss of confidentiality, improper use, or loss of integrity).
7.5.3.1 应对质量管理体系和本标准所要求的形成文件的信息进行控制，以确保：
a) 在需要使用文件之处和之时能获得适用的文件；
b) 文件得到充分地保护（如防止泄密、使用不当、缺损）。
7.5.3.2 For the control of documented information, the organization shall address the following activities, as applicable:
a) distribution, access, retrieval and use;
b) storage and preservation, including preservation of legibility;
c) control of changes (e.g. version control);
d) retention and disposition.
Documented information of external origin determined by the organization to be necessary for the planning and operation of the quality management system shall be identified as appropriate, and be controlled.
Documented information retained as evidence of conformity shall be protected from unintended alterations.
NOTE Access can imply a decision regarding the permission to view the documented information only, or the
permission and authority to view and change the documented information.
7.5.3.2 适用时，组织应实施以下活动对形成文件的信息进行控制：
a) 分发、获取、检索和使用；
b) 储存、保护，包括保存易读性；
c) 更改的控制（如：版本控制）；
d) 保留和处置。
组织所确定的策划和运行质量管理体系所需的外来文件应得到适当的识别和控制。
作为符合性证据保留的形成文件的信息应妥善保存以防止其非预期的失效。
注：获取是指有关形成文件的信息访问许可的决定，或访问和更改形成文件的信息的许可和权力。
8 Operation 运行
8.1 Operational planning and control 运行的策划和控制
The organization shall plan, implement and control the processes (see 4.4) needed to meet the requirements for the provision of products and services, and to implement the actions determined in Clause 6, by:
a) determining the requirements for the products and services;
b) establishing criteria for:
1) the processes;
2) the acceptance of products and services;
c) determining the resources needed to achieve conformity to the product and service requirements;
d) implementing control of the processes in accordance with the criteria;
e) determining, maintaining and retaining documented information to the extent necessary:
1) to have confidence that the processes have been carried out as planned;
2) to demonstrate the conformity of products and services to their requirements.
The output of this planning shall be suitable for the organization’s operations.
The organization shall control planned changes and review the consequences of unintended changes, taking action to mitigate any adverse effects, as necessary.
The organization shall ensure that outsourced processes are controlled (see 8.4).
组织应策划、
8.3.4 Design and development controls 设计和开发控制
The organization shall apply controls to the design and development process to ensure that:
a) the results to be achieved are defined;
b) reviews are conducted to evaluate the ability of the results of design and development to meet requirements;
c) verification activities are conducted to ensure that the design and development outputs meet the input requirements;
d) validation activities are conducted to ensure that the resulting products and services meet the requirements for the specified application or intended use;
e) any necessary actions are taken on problems determined during the reviews, or verification and validation activities;
f) documented information of these activities is retained.
NOTE Design and development reviews, verification and validation have distinct purposes. They can be
conducted separately or in any combination, as is suitable for the products and services of the organization.
组织对对设计和开发过程进行控制以确保：
a) 要实现的结果得到确定；
b) 实施评审，以评价设计和开发结果满足要求的能力；
c) 实施验证活动，以确保设计和开发的输出满足设计和开发输入的要求；
d) 实施确认活动，以确保形成的产品和服务能够满足规定的应用或预期用途；
e) 对评审或验证和确认活动中确定的问题采取必要的措施；
f) 保留这些活动的形成文件的信息。
注：设计和开发的评审、验证和确认具有不同的目的，他们可以按适合组织的方式单独或任意组合进行。
8.3.5 Design and development outputs 设计和开发输出
The organization shall ensure that design and development outputs:
a) meet the input requirements;
b) are adequate for the subsequent processes for the provision of products and services;
c) include or reference monitoring and measuring requirements, as appropriate, and acceptance criteria;
d) specify the characteristics of the products and services that are essential for their intended purpose and their safe and proper provision.
The organization shall retain documented information on design and development outputs.
组织应确保设计和开发的输出：
a) 满足输入的要求；
b) 对于产品和服务提供的后续过程是充分的；
c) 适当时，包含或引用监视和测量要求以及接收准则；
d) 规定了产品和服务的预期目的以及安全和正常提供所必须的产品和服务的特性。
组织应保留设计和开发输出的形成文件的信息。
8.3.6 Design and development changes 设计和开发的更改
The organization shall identify, review and control changes made during, or subsequent to, the design and development of products and services, to the extent necessary to ensure that there is no adverse impact on conformity to requirements.
The organization shall retain documented information on:
a) design and development changes;
b) the res
4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system确定质量管理体系的范围
The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the quality management system
to establish its scope.
When determining this scope, the organization shall consider:
a) the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1;
b) the requirements of relevant interested parties referred to in 4.2;
c) the products and services of the organization.
The organization shall apply all the requirements of this International Standard if they are applicable within the determined scope of its quality management system.
The scope of the organization’s quality management system shall be available and be maintained as documented information. The scope shall state the types of products and services covered, and provide justification for any requirement of this International Standard that the organization determines is not applicable to the scope of its quality management system.
Conformity to this International Standard may only be claimed if the requirements determined as not being applicable do not affect the organization’s ability or responsibility to ensure the conformity of its products and services and the enhancement of customer satisfaction.
组织应确定质量管理体系的边界和适用性来建立其范围。
在确定质量管理体系范围时，组织应考虑：
a) 在4.1中涉及的外部和内部情况；
b) 在4.2中涉及的有关相关方要求；
c) 组织的产品与服务。
如本标准的要求在确定的范围内适用，组织应应用本标准的所有要求。 组织的质量管理体系范围应可获取并保持形成文件的信息。范围应说明质量管理体系所覆盖的产品和服务，并对组织确定不适用于管理体系范围的本标准的要求说明正当理由。
当被确定为不适用的要求不影响组织确保产品和服务的符合性以及增强顾客满意的能力或责任时，才能声称符合本标准的要求。
4.4 Quality management system and its processes质量管理体系及其过程
4.4.1 The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve a quality management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard.
The organization shall determine the processes needed for the quality management system and their application throughout the organization, and shall:
a) determine the inputs required and the outputs expected from these processes;
b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c) determine and apply the criteria and methods (including monitoring, measurements and related performance indicators) needed to ensure the effective operation and control of these processes;
d) determine the resources needed for these processes and ensure their availability;
e) assign the responsibilities and authorities for these processes;
f) address the risks and opportunities as determined in accordance with the requirements of 6.1;
g) evaluate these processes and implement any changes needed to ensure that these processes achieve their intended results;
h) improve the processes and the quality management system.
4.4.1 组织应按本标准的要求建立、实施、保持和持续改进质量管理体系，包括质量管理体系所需的过程及其相互作用。
组织应确定质量管理体系所需的过程及其在整个组织中的应用，组织应：
a) 确定这些过程所需的输入和期望的输出；
b) 确定这些过程的顺序和相互作用；
c) 确定和应用所需的准则和方法（包括监视、测量和相关的绩效指标），以确保这些过程的有效运行和控制；
d) 确定这些过程所需的资源并确保其可用性；
e) 规定这些过程的职责和权限；
f) 应对按照6.1的要求确定的风险和机会；
g) 评价这些过程并实施所需的变更，以确保这些过程实现预期的结果；
h) 改进过程和质量管理体系。
4.4.2 To the extent necessary, the organization shall:
a) maintain documented information to support the operation of its processes;
b) retain documented information to have confidence that the processes are being carried out as planned.
4.4.2 组织应保持必要程度的：
a) 保持形成文件的信息，为过程运行提供支持；
b) 保留形成文件的信息，以证实过程是按策划执行的。
5 Leadership **力
5.1 Leadership and commitment **力和承诺
5.1.1 General 总则
Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to the quality management system by:
a) taking accountability for the effectiveness of the quality management system;
b) ensuring that the quality policy and quality objectives are established for the quality management system and are compatible with the context and strategic direction of the organization;
c) ensuring the integration of the quality management system requirements into the organization’s business processes;
d) promoting the use of the process approach and risk-based thinking;
e) ensuring that the resources needed for the quality management system are available;
f) communicating the importance of effective quality management and of conforming to the quality management system requirements;
g) ensuring that the quality management system achieves its intended results;
h) engaging, directing and supporting persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the quality
management system;
i) promoting improvement;
j) supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility.
NOTE Reference to “business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organization’s existence, whether the organization is public, private, for profit or not for profit.
较高管理者应通过以下方面证实其**力和对质量管理体系承诺：
a) 对质量管理体系的有效性承担责任；
b) 确保质量方针和质量目标得到建立，并与组织的战略方向和组织环境保持一致；
4.3 Determining the scope of the quality management system确定质量管理体系的范围
The organization shall determine the boundaries and applicability of the quality management system
to establish its scope.
When determining this scope, the organization shall consider:
a) the external and internal issues referred to in 4.1;
b) the requirements of relevant interested parties referred to in 4.2;
c) the products and services of the organization.
The organization shall apply all the requirements of this International Standard if they are applicable within the determined scope of its quality management system.
The scope of the organization’s quality management system shall be available and be maintained as documented information. The scope shall state the types of products and services covered, and provide justification for any requirement of this International Standard that the organization determines is not applicable to the scope of its quality management system.
Conformity to this International Standard may only be claimed if the requirements determined as not being applicable do not affect the organization’s ability or responsibility to ensure the conformity of its products and services and the enhancement of customer satisfaction.
组织应确定质量管理体系的边界和适用性来建立其范围。
在确定质量管理体系范围时，组织应考虑：
a) 在4.1中涉及的外部和内部情况；
b) 在4.2中涉及的有关相关方要求；
c) 组织的产品与服务。
如本标准的要求在确定的范围内适用，组织应应用本标准的所有要求。 组织的质量管理体系范围应可获取并保持形成文件的信息。范围应说明质量管理体系所覆盖的产品和服务，并对组织确定不适用于管理体系范围的本标准的要求说明正当理由。
当被确定为不适用的要求不影响组织确保产品和服务的符合性以及增强顾客满意的能力或责任时，才能声称符合本标准的要求。
4.4 Quality management system and its processes质量管理体系及其过程
4.4.1 The organization shall establish, implement, maintain and continually improve a quality management system, including the processes needed and their interactions, in accordance with the requirements of this International Standard.
The organization shall determine the processes needed for the quality management system and their application throughout the organization, and shall:
a) determine the inputs required and the outputs expected from these processes;
b) determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
c) determine and apply the criteria and methods (including monitoring, measurements and related performance indicators) needed to ensure the effective operation and control of these processes;
d) determine the resources needed for these processes and ensure their availability;
e) assign the responsibilities and authorities for these processes;
f) address the risks and opportunities as determined in accordance with the requirements of 6.1;
g) evaluate these processes and implement any changes needed to ensure that these processes achieve their intended results;
h) improve the processes and the quality management system.
4.4.1 组织应按本标准的要求建立、实施、保持和持续改进质量管理体系，包括质量管理体系所需的过程及其相互作用。
组织应确定质量管理体系所需的过程及其在整个组织中的应用，组织应：
management system;
i) promoting improvement;
j) supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility.
NOTE Reference to “business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organization’s existence, whether the organization is public, private, for profit or not for profit.
较高管理者应通过以下方面证实其**力和对质量管理体系承诺：
a) 对质量管理体系的有效性承担责任；
b) 确保质量方针和质量目标得到建立，并与组织的战略方向和组织环境保持一致；
c) 确保将质量管理体系要求融入组织的业务过程；
d) 促进过程方法和基于风险的思维的应用；
e) 确保获得质量管理体系所需的资源；
f) 传达有效的质量管理以及满足质量管理体系要求的重要性；
g) 确保质量管理体系实现其预期的结果；
h) 鼓励、指导和支持员工为质量管理体系的有效性做出贡献；
i) 增强改进；
j) 支持其他相关管理者在其负责的区域证实其**力。
注：本标准中的“业务”从广义上解释为对于组织的存在而言具有核心价值的活动，组织可以是公有的、私有的、盈利或非盈利的。
5.1.2 Customer focus以顾客为关注焦点
Top management shall demonstrate leadership and commitment with respect to customer focus by ensuring that:
a) customer and applicable statutory and regulatory requirements are determined, understood and consistently met;
b) the risks and opportunities that can affect conformity of products and services and the ability to enhance customer satisfaction are determined and addressed;
c) the focus on enhancing customer satisfaction is maintained.
较高管理者应通过以下方面，证实其对以顾客为关注焦点的**力和承诺：
a) 确定、理解和持续满足顾客要求和适用的法律法规要求；
b) 确定和应对影响产品和服务符合性以及增强顾客满意能力的风险与机会；
c) 维护以增强顾客满意为关注焦点。
5.2 Policy方针
ISO 9001：2015
Quality management systems —Requirements
质量管理体系-要求
5.2 Policy方针
5.2.1 Establishing the quality policy 建立质量方针
Top management shall establish, implement and maintain a quality policy that:
a) is appropriate to the purpose and context of the organization and supports its strategic direction;
b) provides a framework for setting quality objectives;
c) includes a commitment to satisfy applicable requirements;
d) includes a commitment to continual improvement of the quality management system.
较高管理者应建立、实施和保持质量方针，方针应：
a) 与组织的宗旨和环境相适应，并支持其战略方向；
b) 提供制定质量目标的框架
c) 包括对满足适用要求的承诺；
d) 包括对持续改进质量管理体系的承诺。
5.2.2 Communicating the quality policy沟通质量方针
The quality policy shall:
a) be available and be maintained as documented information;
b) be communicated, understood and applied within the organization;
c) be available to relevant interested parties, as appropriate.
质量方针应：
a) 为可获得的保持为形成文件的信息；
b) 在组织内得到沟通、理解和应用
c) 适当时，可为相关方所获取。
5.3 Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities 组织的角色、职责和权限
Top management shall ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles are assigned, communicated and understood within the organization.
Top management shall assign the responsibility and authority for:
a) ensuring that the quality management system conforms to the requirements of this International Standard;
b) ensuring that the processes are delivering their intended outputs;
c) reporting on the performance of the quality management system and on opportunities for improvement (see 10.1), in particular to top management;
d) ensuring the promotion of customer focus throughout the organization;
e) ensuring that the integrity of the quality management system is maintained when changes to the quality management system are planned and implemented.
较高管理者应确保相关角色的职责和权限在整个组织得到分派、沟通和理解。
较高管理者应规定职责和权限以：
a) 确保质量管理体系符合本标准的要求；
b) 确**程实现其预期的输出；
c) 向较高管理者报告质量管理体系绩效和改进机会；
d) 确保在整个组织提高以顾客为关注焦点的意识；
e) 对质量管理体系的变更进行策划和实施时，维护质量管理体系的完整性。
6 Planning 策划
6.1 Actions to address risks and opportunities 应对风险和机会的措施
6.1.1 When planning for the quality management system, the organization shall consider the issues referred to in 4.1 and the requirements referred to in 4.2 and determine the risks and opportunities that need to be addressed to:
a) give assurance that the quality management system can achieve its intended result(s);
b) enhance desirable effects;
c) prevent, or reduce, undesired effects;
d) achieve improvement..
6.1.1 策划质量管理体系时，组织应考虑 4.1和 4.2的要求，并确定需要应对的风险和机会以：
a) 确保质量管理体系能够实现其预期的结果；
b) 增强期望的影响；
c) 预防或减少非预期的影响；
d) 实现持续改进。
6.1.2 The organization shall plan:
a) actions to address these risks and opportunities;
b) how to:
1) integrate and implement the actions into its quality management system processes (see 4.4);
2) evaluate the effectiveness of these actions.
Actions taken to address risks and opportunities shall be proportionate to the potential impact on the conformity of products and services.
NOTE 1 Options to address risks can include avoiding risk, taking risk in order to pursue an opportunity, eliminating the risk source, changing the likelihood or consequences, sharing the risk, or retaining risk by informed decision.
NOTE 2 Opportunities can lead to the adoption of new practices, launching new products, opening new markets, addressing new customers, building partnerships, using new technology and other desirable and viable possibilities to address the organization’s or its customers’ needs.
6.1.2 组织应策划：
a) 应对风险和机会的措施；
b) 如何：
1) 在质量管理体系过程中融入和实施这些措施（见 4.4）；
2) 评价这些措施的有效性。
所采取的应对风险和机会的措施应与对产品和服务符合性的潜在影响相适应。
注1：应对风险的选择可以包括：避免风险、为获取机会而接受风险、消除风险源、改变可能性或结果、分担风险或经过决策而保留风险。
注2：机会可以带来新实践的采用、发布新产品、打开新市场、获得新客户、建立合作关系、使用新技术以及其他期望的或可行的可能性以满足组织或其顾客的需求。
6.2 Quality objectives and planning to achieve them 质量目标及实现策划
6.2.1 The organization shall establish quality objectives at relevant functions, levels and processes needed for the quality management system.
The quality objectives shall:
a) be consistent with the quality policy;
b) be measurable;
c) take into account applicable requirements;
d) be relevant to conformity of products and services and to enhancement of customer satisfaction;
e) be monitored;
f) be communicated;
g) be updated as appropriate.
The organization shall maintain documented information on the quality objectives..
6.2.1 组织应在质量管理体系所需的相关职能、层次和过程上建立质量目标。
质量目标应：
a) 与质量方针保持一致；
b) 可测量；
c) 考虑适用的要求；
d) 与产品和服务的符合性以及增强顾客满意有关；
e) 得到监视；
f) 得到沟通；
g) 适当时进行更新。
组织应保持质量目标的形成文件的信息。
6.2.2 When planning how to achieve its quality objectives, the or
![]()
-/gbaabgg/-
