镇江IATF16949认证汽车质量管理体系标准ISO认证

ly described as follows:PDCA循环可以简要描述如下：
— Plan: establish the objectives of the system and its processes, and the resources needed to
deliver results in accordance with customers’ requirements and the organization’s policies, and
identify and address risks and opportunities;策划(Plan)：根据顾客的要求和组织的方针，建立体系的
目标及其过程，确定实现结果所需的资源，并识别和应对风险和机遇；
— Do: implement what was planned;实施(Do)：执行所做的策划；
— Check: monitor and (where applicable) measure processes and the resulting products and
services against policies, objectives, requirements and planned activities, and report the results;检查
(Check)：根据方针、目标、要求和所策划的活动，对过程以及形成的产品和服务进行监视和测量（适
用时），并报告结果；
— Act: take actions to improve performance, as necessary.处置(Act)：必要时，采取措施提高绩效。
0.3.3 Risk-based thinking 基于风险的思维
Risk-based thinking (see Clause A.4) is essential for achieving an effective quality manage
Design for manufacturing（DFM）制造的设计(DFM)
integration of product design and process planning to design a product that is easily and economically
manuf

Challenge (master) part 挑战（原版）件
Part(s) of known specification, calibrated and traceable to standards, with expected results(pass or fail)
that are used to validate the functionality of an error-proofing device or check fixtures( e.g., go/no-go
gauging)具有已知规范、经校准并且可追溯到标准的零件，其预期结果（通过或不通过）用于确认防
错装置或检具（如通止规）的功能性。

Aftermarket part 售后市场零件
Replacement part(s) not procured or released by an OEM for service part applications, which may or may
not be produced to original equipment specifications并非由OEM为服务件应用而采购或放行的替换零
件，可能按照或未按照原始设备规范进行生产

Advanced product quality planning (APQP)  产品质量先期策划(APQP)
Product quality planning process that supports development of a product or service that will satisfy
customer requirements; APQP service as a guide in the development process and also a standard way to
share results between organizations and their customers; APQP covers design robustness，design testing
and specification compliance，production process design，quality inspection standards，process capability，
production capacity，production packing，product testing and operator training plan，among other items
对开发某一满足顾客要求的产品或服务提供支持的产品质量策划过程；APQP对开发过程具有指导意
义，并且是组织与其顾客之间共享结果的标准方式；APQP涵盖的项目包括设计稳健性，设计试验和
规范符合性，生产过程设计，质量检验标准，过程能力，生产能力，产品包装，产品试验和操作员培
训计划
Design for six sigma (DFSS)  六西格玛设计(DFSS)
Systematic methodology, tools, and techniques with the aim of being a robust design of products or
processes that meets customer expectations and can be produced at a six sigma quality level系统化的方
法、工具和技术，旨在稳健设计满足顾客期望并且能够在六西格玛质量水平生产的产品或过程的。
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